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➕ Arithmetic

Addition

Addition is combining two or more numbers to find the total.

Example: 234 + 156 = ?

Step 1: Add ones: 4 + 6 = 10 (write 0, carry 1)

Step 2: Add tens: 3 + 5 + 1 (carry) = 9

Step 3: Add hundreds: 2 + 1 = 3

Answer: 390

Subtraction

Subtraction is taking away one number from another.

Example: 423 - 187 = ?

Step 1: Borrow from tens: 3 - 7 can't do, so borrow from 2

Step 2: 13 - 7 = 6

Step 3: 1 (after borrowing) - 8 can't do, borrow from 4

Step 4: 11 - 8 = 3

Step 5: 3 - 1 = 2

Answer: 236

Multiplication

Multiplication is repeated addition.

Times Tables up to 12 × 12

1 × 1 = 1

1 × 2 = 2

1 × 3 = 3

2 × 2 = 4

2 × 3 = 6

2 × 4 = 8

3 × 3 = 9

3 × 4 = 12

3 × 5 = 15

4 × 4 = 16

4 × 5 = 20

4 × 6 = 24

Division

Division is splitting into equal parts.

Example: 48 ÷ 6 = ?

How many groups of 6 make 48?

6 × 8 = 48, so 48 ÷ 6 = 8

Answer: 8

➗ Fractions

What is a Fraction?

A fraction represents a part of a whole. It has a numerator (top number) and denominator (bottom number).

½ means 1 part out of 2 equal parts

¾ means 3 parts out of 4 equal parts

Equivalent Fractions

Fractions that represent the same amount.

½ = 2/4 = 3/6 = 4/8 = 5/10

To find equivalent fractions, multiply numerator and denominator by the same number.

Adding Fractions

Same denominator: ¼ + 2/4 = 3/4

Different denominator: ½ + ¼ = 2/4 + ¼ = 3/4

Find a common denominator first!

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